Air Pollution

Sources of industrial wastewater

• The food industry: canning, candy, beer, milk and cheese, agricultural products processing, meat processing. Generally a form of suspension of organic compounds, colloidal and solution making it possible biological processes.

• The textile industry, leather tanning and paper, waste organic matter that can be degraded biologically.

• Metals and mining industry: wastes generated are generally large numbers and a lot of suspended solids.

• Fuel processing industry: such as oil refinery and gas reforming, it is generally difficult to be processed and toxic

• The chemical industry: such as industrial fertilizer, heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, processed and are generally difficult to poison.

• Electroplating industry and engineering work, is generally difficult to be processed and toxic

Types of pollutants and their effects on the environment

• BOD (Biochemical oxygen demand): the number of oxygen used by microbes to decompose organic matter present in waste. Aquatic fine day BOD 1-2ppm.

• COD (chemical oxygen demand): the number of oxygen is used to oxidize organic waste materials K2Cr2O7 dg. COD values ​​are always higher than BOD, because there is a material that is not oxidized by chemically oxidized biologically.

• TOC (total organic carbon), TOD (total oxygen demand): measure of the amount of organic substances by measuring the Number of CO2 after combustion.

• Thermal pollution: an increase in body temperature water causes a decrease in dropouts, increased activity of microorganisms and a shift in ecological equilibrium.

• Hazardous and toxic materials: such as heavy metals and chemicals (pesticides, cyanides, sulfides, etc.). Heavy metals Fe, Pb, Cu, Al, Cd, Hg, etc. resulting from the mud and certain chemical industries. Hg produced the mining industry and the burning of fossil fuels. Heavy metals and chemicals are toxic for living organisms. 5 ppm chromium poisoning the fish, from 0.1 to 0.5 ppm Cu poisoning bacteria and microorganisms.

The stages of wastewater treatment

• Primary treatment (primary treatmet): aims to reduce the solids in the effluent with chemical or physical methods, eg by filtration and coagulation.

• Secondary processing (secondary treatment): a biological and chemical processes to eliminate almost all the organic material in wastewater, usually performed in aerobic and anaerobic.

• Tertiary treatment (tertiary treatment): aims to reduce nutrients, toxic materials and dissolved materials that are not reduced in the secondary processing. This processing is required depending on the type polutannya specific design.

• Solid waste incineration and is usually done with the land urug. For the waste gas is usually done by absorption through the scrubber, bag filter, or physical separation by cyclones or precipitator.

PART 2

Industrial process generally involves several stages of processing raw materials into end products, namely:

• Preparation of raw materials
  

• production process

• Separation of primary products and byproducts

• Completion of the product

Of each processing stage often produce waste in the form of solid, liquid and gas. These wastes are usually treated first before being discharged into the environment.